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Laboratory of Electronic Processes

Head of department prof., dr. habil. proc. Jonas Gradauskas

The main activities are concentrated on:
  • Investigation of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with semiconductor nanostructures;
  • Investigation of optical transitions in semiconductor nanostructures using single photon counting method;
  • Theoretical modeling of charge carrier spin transport in semiconductor nanostructures;
  • Modeling of noise, emission and detection of electromagnetic radiation in semiconductor structures by means of Monte Carlo method;
  • Development of innovative devices for microwave and terahertz electronic, quantum electronic and spintronic applications.

But the main value and achievement is experience. The scientists of the Laboratory are excellent experts in:

  • Monte Carlo modeling noise and radiation emission and detection in semiconductor structures,
  • solving Maxwell‘s equations in microwave waveguide systems,
  • investigation of carrier transport in sophisticated semiconductor systems,
  • study of hot carrier phenomena in solid-state structures.

 


Equipment
Scalar network analyzers produced by Elmika Ltd allow investigating interaction of microwave radiation with semiconductor structures in the frequency range from 10 GHz up to 170 GHz.
   

Agilent Semiconductor Parameter Analyzer and LCR meter are used for I-V and C-V measurements of semiconductor structures.
 
Agilent Spectrum Analyzer is used to investigate electromagnetic radiation of 20 kHz ÷ 325 GHz frequency range generated by semiconductor structures.
 
Karl Suess and Cascade Microtech probe stations are used for measurements of semiconductor electric parameters in DC regime and at high frequencies of 26÷40 GHz and 75÷110 GHz ranges. 
   
Original near field microwave microscope produced in collaboration with Elmika Ltd is used to investigate electrical properties of materials having various electrical conductivity values, from dielectrics up to metals. The microscope operates in millimeter wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation.
 
Low temperature photoluminescence setup with two photon counting systems. It is possible to register a continuous flow and optical pulses of picosecond duration at low 200-900 nm light intensity in the temperature range 4-300 K with 0.008 nm spectral resolution (or 0.003 nm resolution up to 750 nm wavelength): a) time correlated single photon counting module allows to measure photoluminescence decay, photon correlation and time resolved luminescence spectra in the range from 10 ps up to 2 µs; b) gated photon counter allows to measure photoluminescence spectra and their decay over 250 ns.
 
Liquid phase epitaxy equipment is used to fabricate various semiconductor structures serving as a base of microwave , infrared and x-ray radiation sensors as well as solar cells developed in the Department of Electronics. 
   
Microelectronics technological facility is used for fabrication of experimental semiconductor electronic devices at small extent.
 
Dektak 6M stylus profilometer for sample surface topography measurements in the nano scale. It allows to measure vertical dimensions of the surface with few nanometer accuracy. 
   
Optical parametric oscillator (λ=1.4÷4.2 µm), optically pumped by Nd:YAG laser radiation (λ=1.06 µm, pulse duration ~10 ns (Ekspla Ltd)
 
Tuned wavelength CO2 laser (λ=9.2÷10.8 µm). Power in CW regime 20-40 W. Pulse power 2-5 kW at pulse duration ~150 ns (Edinburgh Instruments Ltd).
 
Optically pumped far-infrared laser of tunable wavelength, operating in CW and pulsed regime and emitting over 50 discrete lines of λ ~ 50 - 700 μm (respectfully, ƒ ~ 6 – 0,4 THz) spectrum range (Edinburgh Instruments Ltd.).
projects

  • Project "Development of novel solar cell forming technology using thin graded‐gap porous Si structures with embedded plasmic metal nanoparticles and electrostatically charged ferroelectric layer" financed by the Research Council of Lithuania within Lithuanian‐Ukrainian program; led by S. Ašmontas, contract No. TAP LU‐5‐2016, duration 2016 – 2017. Porous silicon layer containing nanometric structures will be formed by means of electrochemical etching and intense laser light. Graded forbidden energy gap is typical for such nano structures; this way it will extend the range of usefully absorbed light and thereby the unwanted effects of hot electrons reducing solar cell efficiency will be weakened. Also, to increase the absorption of sunlight, plasmic metal nanoparticles will be embedded in the surface of porous silicon.

  • The project „New broadband sensors of elektromagnetic radiation on the on the base of 2DEG“ in the frame of Scientific Programme of Lithuanian Science Council „Towards Future Technologies“ is implemented in 2016-2018. The implementation of the LTDEP project will: 1) put light on the electromagnetic radiation detection mechanism in the asymmetrical field‐transistor‐like structure with the partial gate over the two‐dimensional electron channel; 2) on the base of these structures, give impulse to develop high‐sensitivity sensor; 3) extend the detectable radiation range up to the X‐ray region.

Most important publications
  1. Belosludtsev, Alexandr; Sytchkova, Anna; Baltrušaitis, Kazimieras; Vaičikauskas, Viktoras; Jasulaitienė, Vitalija; Gric, Tatjana. Growth of magnetron‐sputtered ultrathin chromium films: In situ monitoring and ex situ film properties // Coatings. ISSN 2079-6412. 2023, vol. 13, iss. 2, art. no. 347, p. 1-11.
  2. Gric, Tatjana; Rafailov, Edik. On the study of ellipsoidal nanowire metamaterials for biomedical applications //Optical and quantum electronics. ISSN 0306-8919. 2023, vol. 55, iss. 11, art. no. 993, p. 1-8.
  3. Kalinauskas, Putinas; Staišiūnas, Laurynas; Grigucevičienė, Asta; Leinartas, Konstantinas; Šilėnas, Aldis; Bučinskienė, Dalia; Juzeliūnas, Eimutis. Composite p-Si/Al2O3/Ni photoelectrode for hydrogen evolution reaction // Materials. ISSN 1996-1944. 2023, vol. 16, iss. 7, art. no. 2785, p. 1-11.
  4.  Gric, Tatjana. Inhomogeneous inclusions enhanced negative absorption in the plasma‑dielectric nanostructure  // Optical and quantum electronics. ISSN 0306-8919. 2023, vol. 55, iss. 7, art. no. 596, p. 1-10.
  5. Čerškus, Aurimas; Ušinskis, Vygantas; Šešok, Nikolaj; Iljin, Igor; Bučinskas, Vytautas. Optimization of damping in a semi-active car suspension system with various locations of masses  // Applied sciences. eISSN 2076-3417. 2023, vol. 13, iss. 9, art. no. 5371, p. 1-13.
  6. Ašmontas, Steponas; Mujahid, Muhammad. Recent progress in perovskite tandem solar cells // Nanomaterials. eISSN 2079-4991. 2023, vol. 13, iss. 12, art. no. 1886, p. 1-43.
  7. Sužiedėlis, Algirdas; Ašmontas, Steponas; Gradauskas, Jonas; Čerškus, Aurimas; Požela, Karolis; Anbinderis, Maksimas. Competition between direct detection mechanisms in planar bow-tie microwave diodes on the base of InAlAs/InGaAs/InAlAs heterostructures // Sensors. eISSN 1424-8220. 2023, vol. 23, iss. 3, art. no. 1441, p. 1-16.
  8. Dargys, Adolfas; Acus, Artūras. Exponential and logarithm of multivector in low-dimensional (n = p + q 3) Clifford algebras // Nonlinear analysis: modelling and control. ISSN 1392-5113. 2022, vol. 27, no. 6, p. 1129-1149.
  9. Ašmontas, Steponas; Čerškus, Aurimas; Gradauskas, Jonas; Grigucevičienė, Asta; Juškėnas, Remigijus; Leinartas, Konstantinas; Lučun, Andžej; Petrauskas, Kazimieras; Selskis, Algirdas; Staišiūnas, Laurynas; Sužiedėlis, Algirdas; Šilėnas, Aldis; Širmulis, Edmundas. Photoelectric properties of planar and mesoporous structured perovskite solar cells // Materials. eISSN 1996-1944. 2022, vol. 15, iss. 12, art. no. 4300, p. 1-14.
  10. Gric, Tatjana; Rafailov, Edik. On the study of advanced nanostructured semiconductor-based metamaterial // Applied sciences. ISSN 2076-3417. 2022, vol. 12, iss. 12, art. no. 6250, p. 1-7.
  11. Sužiedėlis, Algirdas; Ašmontas, Steponas; Gradauskas, Jonas; Čerškus, Aurimas; Anbinderis, Maksimas. Indirect measurement of electron energy relaxation time at room temperature in two-dimensional heterostructured semiconductors // Materials. eISSN 1996-1944. 2022, vol. 15, iss. 9, art. no. 3224, p. 1-16.
  12. Dargys, Adolfas; Acus, Artūras. Exponentials of general multivector in 3D Clifford algebras. Nonlinear analysis: modelling and control. ISSN 1392-5113. 2022, vol. 27, no. 1, p. 179-197.
  13. Ioannidis, Thanos; Gric, Tatjana; Rafailov, Edik. Tunable polaritons of spiral nanowire metamaterials. Waves in random and complex media. ISSN 1745-5030. 2022, vol. 32, iss. 1, p. 381-389.
  14. Gric, Tatjana. Surface plasmons in metamaterial heterostructures. Waves in random and complex media. ISSN 1745-5030. 2021, vol. 31, iss. 6, p. 1246-1257.
  15. Gric, Tatjana; Rafailov, Edik. Propagation of surface plasmon polaritons at the interface of metal-free metamaterial with anisotropic semiconductor inclusions. Optik. ISSN 0030-4026. 2022, vol. 254, art. no. 168678, p. 1-6.
  16. Adomaitienė, Elena; Bumelienė, Skaidra; Tamaševičius, Arūnas Vytautas. Controlling synchrony in an array of the globally coupled FitzHugh–Nagumo type oscillators. Physics letters A. ISSN 0375-9601. 2022, vol. 431, art. no. 127989, p. 1-5.
  17. Ašmontas, Steponas; Čerškus, Aurimas; Gradauskas, Jonas; Grigucevičienė, Asta; Juškėnas, Remigijus; Leinartas, Konstantinas; Lučun, Andžej; Petrauskas, Kazimieras; Selskis, Algirdas; Sužiedėlis, Algirdas; Širmulis, Edmundas. Impact of cesium concentration on optoelectronic properties of metal halide perovskites. Materials. ISSN 1996-1944. 2022, vol. 15, iss. 5, art. no. 1936, p. 1-16.
  18. Dargys, Adolfas;  Acus, Artūras. Square root of a multivector in 3D Clifford algebras. Nonlinear analysis: modelling and control. ISSN 1392-5113. 2020, vol. 25, no. 2, p. 301-320.
  19. Tamaševičius, Arūnas Vytautas; Bumelienė, Skaidra; Adomaitienė, Elena. Using a single deactivated oscillator to stabilize the steady states in an array of coupled FitzHugh–Nagumo cells. Nonlinear dynamics. ISSN 0924-090X. 2021, vol. 106, iss. 4, p. 3557-3564.
  20. Anbinderis, Maksimas; Ašmontas, Steponas; Čerškus, Aurimas; Gradauskas, Jonas; Lučun, Andžej; Šilėnas, Aldis; Sužiedėlis, Algirdas.  Sensitive planar microwave diode on the base of ternary AlxGa1-xAs semiconductor compound . Sensors. ISSN 1424-8220. 2021, vol. 21, iss. 13, art. no. 4487, p. 1-17.
  21. Karaliūnas, Mindaugas; Dudutienė, Evelina; Čerškus, Aurimas; Pagalys, Justas; Pūkienė, Simona; Udal, Andres; Butkutė, Renata; Valušis, Gintaras. High precision parabolic quantum wells grown using pulsed analog alloy grading technique: Photoluminescence probing and fractional-dimensional space approach. Journal of luminescence. ISSN 0022-2313. 2021, vol. 239, art.no. 118321, p. 1-7.
  22. Ioannidis, Athanasios; Gric, Tatjana; Rafailov, Edik. Controlling surface plasmon polaritons propagating at the boundary of low-dimensional acoustic metamaterials. Applied sciences. ISSN 2076-3417. 2021, vol. 11, iss. 14, art. no. 6302, p. 1-8.
  23. Gradauskas, Jonas; Ašmontas, Steponas. Hot carrier photocurrent through MOS structure. Applied sciences. ISSN 2076-3417.  2021, vol. 11, iss. 16, art. no. 7211, p. 1-7.
  24. Ioannidis, Athanasios; Gric, Tatjana; Rafailov, Edik. The study of the surface plasmon polaritons at the interface separating nanocomposite and hypercrystal. Applied sciences. ISSN 2076-3417. 2021, vol. 11, iss. 11, art. no. 5255, p. 1-13.
  25. Gric, Tatjana; Rafailov, Edik. Absorption enhancement in hyperbolic metamaterials by means of magnetic plasma. Applied sciences. eISSN 2076-3417. 2021, vol. 11, iss. 11, art. no. 4720, p. 1-7.
  26. Gric, Tatjana; Sokolovski, Sergei G.; Alekseev, Alexander G.; Mamoshin, Andrian; Andrey, Dunaev; Rafailov, Edik U. The discrete analysis of the tissue biopsy images with metamaterial formalization: identifying tumour locus. IEEE journal of selected topics in quantum electronics. ISSN 1077-260X. 2021, vol. 27, iss. 5, art. no. 4700608, p. 1-8.
  27. Dobrozhan, О.; Shelest, І.; Stepanenko, А.; Kurbatov, D.; Yermakov, M.; Čerškus, Aurimas; Plotnikov, S.; Opanasyuk, А. Structure, substructure and chemical composition of ZnO nanocrystals and films deposited onto flexible substrates. Materials science in semiconductor processing.ISSN 1369-8001. 2020, vol. 108, art. no. 104879, p. 1-8.
  28. Adomaitienė, Elena; Bumelienė, Skaidra; Mykolaitis, Gytis; Tamaševičius, Arūnas Vytautas. Destroying synchrony in an array of the FitzHugh–Nagumo oscillators by external DC voltage source. Nonlinear analysis : modelling and control. ISSN 1392-5113. 2020, vol. 25, no. 1, p. 57-68.
  29. Ašmontas, Steponas; Anbinderis, Maksimas; Čerškus, Aurimas; Gradauskas, Jonas; Sužiedėlis, Algirdas; Šilėnas, Aldis; Širmulis, Edmundas; Umansky, Vladimir. Gated bow-tie diode for microwave to sub-terahertz detection. Sensors. ISSN 1424-8220. 2020, vol. 20, iss. 3, art. no. 829, p. 1-9.
  30. Adomaitienė, Elena; Bumelienė, Skaidra; Tamaševičius, Arūnas Vytautas. Local control of an array of the globally coupled oscillators. Nonlinear dynamics. ISSN 0924-090X. 2020, vol. 99, iss. 3, p. 2129-2137.
  31. Adomaitienė, Elena; Ašmontas, Steponas; Bumelienė, Skaidra; Tamaševičius, Arūnas Vytautas. Pinning control of an array of globally coupled FitzHugh–Nagumo oscillators by means of a four-terminal controller. Physica scripta. ISSN 0031-8949. 2020, vol. 95, no. 7, art. no. 075210, p. 1-6.
  32. Gric, Tatjana; Sokolovski, Sergei; Navolokin, Nikita; Glushkobskaya, Oksana; Rafailov, Edik. Metamaterial formalism approach for advancing the recognition of glioma areas in brain tissue biopsies. Optical materials express. ISSN 2159-3930. 2020, vol. 10, iss. 7, p. 1607-1615.
  33. Ašmontas, Steponas; Bumelienė, Skaidra; Gradauskas, Jonas; Raguotis, Romas; Sužiedėlis, Algirdas. Impact ionization and intervalley electron scattering in InSb and InAs induced by a single terahertz pulse. Scientific reports. ISSN 2045-2322. 2020, vol. 10, art. no. 10580, p. 1-7.
  34. Gric, Tatjana; Rafailov, Edik. Enhancement of the Purcell effect by the wire metamaterials formed by the hexagonal unit cells. Applied Sciences. ISSN 2076-3417. 2020, vol. 10, iss. 16, art. no. 5687, p. 1-8.
  35. Adomaitienė, Elena; Ašmontas, Steponas; Bumelienė, Skaidra; Tamaševičius, Arūnas Vytautas. Local control of an array of the diffusively coupled FitzHugh–Nagumo oscillators via repulsive mean field. Journal of applied physics. ISSN 0021-8979. 2020, vol. 128, iss. 7, art. no. 074902, p. 1-7.
  36. Kiprijanovič, Oleg; Ardaravičius, Linas; Gradauskas, Jonas; Šimkevičius, Česlovas; Keršulis, Skirmantas; Ašmontas, Steponas. S-N border instability, magnetic flux trapping and cumulative effect during pulsed S-N switching of high quality YBaCuO thin films. Superconductor science and technology. ISSN 0953-2048. 2020, vol. 33, no. 9, art. no. 095013, p. 1-8.
  37. Ašmontas, Steponas; Anbinderis, Maksimas; Gradauskas, Jonas; Juškėnas, Remigijus; Leinartas, Konstantinas; Lučun, Andžej; Selskis, Algirdas; Staišiūnas, Laurynas; Stanionytė, Sandra; Sužiedėlis, Algirdas; Šilėnas, Aldis; Širmulis, Edmundas. Low resistance TiO2/p-Si heterojunction for tandem solar cells /. Materials. ISSN 1996-1944. 2020, vol. 13, iss. 12, art. no. 2857, p. 1-10.
  38. Adomaitienė, Elena; Ašmontas, Steponas; Bumelienė, Skaidra; Tamaševičius, Arūnas Vytautas. Quenching coupled FitzHugh-Nagumo oscillators by repulsive feedback. Physica scripta. ISSN 0031-8949. 2020, vol. 95, no. 10, art. no. 105202, p. 1-6.
  39. Gradauskas, Jonas; Ašmontas, Steponas; Sužiedėlis, Algirdas; Šilėnas, Aldis; Vaičikauskas, Viktoras; Čerškus, Aurimas; Širmulis, Edmundas; Žalys, Ovidijus Alfonsas; Masalskyi, Oleksandr. Influence of hot carrier and thermal components on photovoltage formation across the p–n junction. Applied sciences. ISSN 2076-3417. 2020, vol. 10, iss. 21, art. no. 7483, p. 1-8.
  40. Trofimov, Aleksej; Gric, Tatjana; Hess, Ortwin. Three-layered nanostructured metamaterials for surface plasmon polariton guiding. Journal of mathematical chemistry. ISSN 0259-9791. 2019, vol. 57, iss. 1, p. 190-201.
  41. Adomaitienė, Elena; Bumelienė, Skaidra; Tamaševičius, Arūnas Vytautas. Suppressing synchrony in an array of the modified FitzHugh–Nagumo oscillators by filtering the mean field. Journal of applied physics. ISSN 0021-8979. 2019, vol. 125, art. no. 104902, p. 1-6.
  42. Gric, Tatjana. Dispersion relation of surface plasmon polaritons in non-local materials. Optics express. ISSN 1094-4087. 2019, vol. 27, no. 9, p. 13568-13573.
  43. Tamaševičius, Arūnas Vytautas; Bumelienė, Skaidra; Adomaitienė, Elena. Stabilization of steady states in an array of all-to-all coupled oscillators. Physical review E. ISSN 2470-0045. 2019, vol. 99, iss. 4, art. no. 042217, p. 1-6.
  44. Ašmontas, Steponas; Bumelienė, Skaidra; Gradauskas, Jonas; Raguotis, Romas; Sužiedėlis, Algirdas. Intense terahertz pulse-induced impact ionization and electron dynamics in InAs. Semiconductor science and technology. ISSN 0268-1242. 2019, vol. 34, iss. 7, art. no. 075016, p. 1-6.
  45. Fedorenko, L.; Šilėnas, Aldis; Havryliuk, O.; Strilchuk, O.; Yukhymchuk, V.; Soloviev, E.; Korchovyi, A.; Širmulis, Edmundas. Laser-stimulated structural transformations in AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs system. Thin solid films. ISSN 0040-6090. 2019, vol. 685, p. 34-39.
  46. Bulat L.P., Novotelnova A.V., Tukmakova A.S., Yerezhep D.E., Osvenskii V.B., Sorokin A.I., Panchenko V.P., Bochkov L.V., Ašmontas Steponas. Simulation of SPS process for fabrication of thermoelectric materials with predicted properties. Journal of electronic materials. ISSN 0361-5235. 2018, vol. 47, iss. 2, p. 1589-1594.
  47. Gric Tatjana. Hess, Ortwin. Long-range surface plasmons supported by the disordered nanowire metamaterials. Journal of electromagnetic waves and applications. ISSN 0920-5071. eISSN 1569-3937. 2018, vol. 32, iss. 6, p. 750-757.
  48. Gric Tatjana, Hess Ortwin. Surface waves supported by the nanostructured semiconductor metamaterials. Journal of electromagnetic waves and applications. ISSN 0920-5071. eISSN 1569-3937. 2018, vol. 32, iss. 5, p. 591-600.
  49. Gradauskas Jonas, Stupakova Jolanta, Sužiedėlis Algirdas, Ašmontas Steponas, Maneikis Andrius, Samuolienė Neringa. Doping influence on microwave detection by metal–porous silicon contacts. Applied physics. A, Materials science & processing. ISSN 0947-8396. 2018, vol. 124, iss. 5, art. no. 352, p. 1-5.
  50. Steponas Ašmontas, Romas Raguotis, Skaidra Bumelienė. Monte Carlo study of impact ionization in n‑type InAs induced by intense ultrashort terahertz pulses. Optical and quantum electronics. ISSN 0306-8919. 2018, vol. 50, iss. 6, art. no. 264, p. 1-9.
  51. Gric Tatjana, Hess Ortwin. Investigation of hyperbolic metamaterials. Applied sciences. ISSN 2076-3417. 2018, vol. 8, iss. 8, art. no. 1222, p. 1-16.
  52. Trofimov Aleksej, Gric Tatjana. Surface plasmon polaritons in hyperbolic nanostructured metamaterials. Journal of electromagnetic waves and applications. ISSN 0920-5071. 2018, vol. 32, iss. 14, p. 1857-1867.
  53. Steponas Ašmontas, Jonas Gradauskas, Algirdas Sužiedėlis, Aldis Šilėnas, Edmundas Širmulis, Vitas Švedas, Viktoras Vaičikauskas, Ovidijus Alfonsas Žalys. Hot carrier impact on photovoltage formation in solar cells. Applied physics letters. ISSN 0003-6951. 2018, vol. 113, iss. 7, art. no. 071103, p. 1-3.
  54. Gric Tatjana, Gorodetsky Andrei, Trofimov Aleksej, Rafilov Edik. Tunable plasmonic properties and absorption enhancement in terahertz photoconductive antenna based on optimized plasmonic nanostructures. Journal of infrared, millimeter, and terahertz waves. ISSN 1866-6892. 2018, vol. 39, iss. 10, p. 1028-1038.
  55. Diachenko O.V., Dobrozhan O.A., Opanasyuk A.S., Ivashchenko M.M., Protasova T.O., Kurbatov D.I., Čerškus Aurimas. The influence of optical and recombination losses on the efficiency of thin-film solar cells with a copper oxide absorber layer. Superlattices and microstructures. ISSN 0749-6036. 2018, vol. 122, p. 476-485.
  56. Čerškus Aurimas, Sužiedėlis Algirdas, Lučun Andžej, Anbinderis Maksimas, Gradauskas Jonas, Šutinys Ernestas. Photoluminescence peculiarities of epitaxial structure with 2DEG layer designed for microwave detectors. Applied physics A. Materials science & processing. ISSN 0947-8396. 2018, vol. 124, iss. 11, art. no. 742, p. 1-6.
  57. Acus Artūras, Dargys Adolfas. The inverse of a multivector: beyond the threshold p + q = 5. Advances in applied Clifford algebras. ISSN 0188-7009. 2018, vol. 28, no 3, art. no 65, p. 1-20.